A basic white outline of shoulder bones.
Shoulder
A basic white outline of elbow bones.
Elbow
A basic white outline of hand and wrist bones.
Hand and Wrist
A basic white outline of hip bones.
Hip
A basic white outline of knee bones.
Knee
A basic white outline of foot and ankle bones.
Foot and Ankle
A basic white outline of a fractured bone.
Trauma
A basic white outline of the cells and/or components in our blood.
Biologic Treatments
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Spine Instability: Literature Review on Biomechanical Stability of Spinal Structures

Mazda Farshad, MD (Zurich, Switzerland), reviews current literature regarding how distinct spinal structures contribute differently to overall biomechanical stability of the spine based on the location of degeneration. Prof. Farshad also reviews the concept of ligament reconstruction in spinal applications.