The gastrocnemius and Achilles complex is the key power-generator of the talocrural joint. Pathologies affecting these two structures, including tendinopathies, ruptures, and contractures, have a significant impact on gait and functional movements of the lower extremities.
Ankle instability significantly impacts gait and functional movements of the lower extremity. The severity and chronicity of ankle instability will help determine the appropriate treatment selection to maximize functional outcomes.
Commonly resulting from trauma or idiopathic subchondral ischemia, articular cartilage pathologies of the talus often lead to pain and disability. Early surgical intervention can halt the progression to global cartilage loss and preserve the function of the ankle.
Flatfoot deformities present along a progressive spectrum of severity and bony involvement resulting from posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Flatfoot deformities are staged and may require soft-tissue, bony, or complex reconstruction procedures for deformity correction.
The hallux and lesser toes of the forefoot play integral roles in supporting joint kinematics and load distribution throughout the foot and ankle. Due to the force vectors that occur at these small joints, chronic pathologies are often in need...
Fractures and syndesmotic injuries can affect many of the bones that make up the foot and ankle. Varied techniques and implants are available for operative fixation.
Hindfoot and ankle osteoarthritis presents along a spectrum of severity, requiring a patient-centered approach to treatment. Current treatment concepts explore advances in arthrodesis techniques, including guidelines for joint preparation, hindfoot nails, and arthroscopic and minimally invasive procedures.
Lisfranc injuries that affect the ligamentous complex supporting the tarsometatarsal articulation, or Lisfranc joint, can range from mild to severe. Operative fixation is often indicated to restore stability and function to the midfoot.
The pathomechanics of plantar fasciitis are multifactorial. Understanding contributing factors and the chronicity of this pathology is essential for appropriate treatment selection.
